An annual feature for a decade, Nutrition Industry Executive’s Science of Supplements section is designed to help manufacturers gain a better understanding of the ingredients and services available that can make Their products stand out. It gives the magazine’s advertisers an opportunity to describe in some detail the research that substantiates their Branded ingredients, products and company services.

Companies have responded to this opportunity with background information about the health concerns their products are intended to address, histories of nutrients behind Their ingredients and details of research that has been carried out.We’ve also provided company addresses, phone numbers, e-mail and website(s) to make obtaining additional information as easy as possible.

Certified Nutraceuticals

41785 Elm St., Ste. 301
Murrieta, CA 92562
Phone: (951) 600-3899 • Fax: (951) 600-8676
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.certifiednutra.com

kollaGen II-xs Utilizes Latest Patented Extraction Technology to Retain Higher Amounts of Naturally Occuring Hyaluronic Acid, Chondroitin and Glucosamine Sulfate

The word “collagen” is derived from Kolla, the Greek word for glue. Collagen is the primary protein in the body. There are 28 types of collagen protein throughout the body, however the most widely researched types of collagen are types I, II, III, V and X, and are the major components of skin, hair, nails, muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones, gums, teeth, eyes and blood vessels. Type II is the major component of joint cartilage.

What is kollaGen II-xs?

KollaGen II-xsTM, extracted from young avian sternum cartilage, was first introduced in 2000 to the natural health market as a new food supplement that provides all necessary nutrients to promote healthy joint cartilage. Advanced exclusive technology and an improved process (U.S. Patent #8,344,106 B1) is now used to extract kollaGen II-xsTM. It is certified to contain 55 to 70 percent collagen type II and naturally contains 30 to 45 percent mucopolysaccharide (carbohydrates) [chondroitin, glucosamine and hyaluronic acid], the major components of joint cartilage.

Difference Between 

Collagen Types Collagen Types I & III: Scientific studies show that more than 90 percent of the collagen found in the body is collagen types I & III. The protein composition consists of 19 amino acids responsible for growth, maintenance and repair of the body with unusually high proportions of the amino acids glycine and proline, as well as hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, all found in skin and muscle.

Collagen Type II: Collagen type II is the major component of hyaline joint cartilage. The protein content is between 55 and 70 percent (less than Types I and III) and naturally occurring mucopolysaccharide (carbohydrates) 30 to 45 percent. The mucopolysaccharide consists of glucosamine, chondroitin and hyaluronic acid, the makeup of syn ovial fluid and sugar aminos required to make collagen type II cells.

The composition of avian type II collagen protein consists of 18 amino acids. The percentage and molecular weight of each amino acid is different from those found in types I and III. In addition, type II is low in hydroxyproline and trace of hydroxylysine, the primary difference in comparison with types I and III, gearing type II to address cartilage tissue properties.

Undenatured vs. Denatured Collagen Type II: Undenatured collagen type II is native collagen purified from raw sternum without changing its original large molecules and active sites. Unde natured active sites are recognized in the small intestine, and are theorized to turn off the signal that creates the attack on the body’s cartilage.

KollaGen II-xs is denatured type II collagen processed by using an exclusive water extraction technology process without using solvent (ethanol) to change the original molecules for assimilation, and is recognized as a nutrient and building block for damaged cartiLage. This process maintains the integrity of its delicate molecules. The long chain of amino acids are left intact ensuring the body’s own superior natural enzymes recognize the precise genetic code for maximum assimilation for ultimate joint health. It is safe, effective and classified as a food.

How Does kollaGen II-xs Work?

KollaGen II-xs taken orally as a dietary supplement works naturally within the body as a food source that is bioavail able. It is substantially more effective than just the supplementation of the carbohydrates glucosamine and chondroitin. KollaGen II-xs naturally supplies the nutrients necessary to support cartilage health function.

KollaGen II-xs supplies the body with more hyaluronic acid, an important nutrient for joint, eye and skin health, and more chondroitin, an important nutrient for joint and cell health, than previous collagen products on the market.

Who Needs kollaGen II-xs?

One of every three Americans over age 60 suffers from joint problems due to natural wear and tear of joint cartilage.As we age, the body’s ability to make the protein type II collagen slows down.This is the protein needed to maintain healthy cartilage tissues.

KollaGen II-xs is a nutritional dietary supplement that supplies necessary elements to help the body support joint health. The rising number of Baby Boomers will reach more than 60 million in the 21st century. The demand for arthritis prevention will surpass the demand for treatment. KollaGen II-xs has also shown promise in treatment for dogs with hip dysplasia.

For a full list of references, visit www.niemagazine.com.

Deerland Enzymes

3800 Cobb International Blvd.
Kennesaw, GA 30152
Phone: (800) 697-8179 • Fax: (770) 919-1194
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.deerlandenzymes.com

Advanced Enzyme Solutions for Gluten Sensitivity

Research shows that approximately 15 percent of the U.S. population is affected by gluten sensitivity in some form, from mild intolerance to celiac disease.

What is Gluten?

Gluten is found most commonly in wheat and other related grains, such as barley and rye. The word gluten comes from the Latin word for glue, and is typically defined as an elastic protein that is left behind after starch is removed or washed away from wheat flour. It’s the adhesive properties of gluten that allow for baked goods such as breads and cakes to hold together, adding texture and a characteristic chewiness.

Although the only grain considered to have true gluten is wheat, gluten is also used in a wide variety of other foods as a thickener and binder, flavor enhancer and protein supplement.

Gluten’s Effect on Digestion 

Gluten consists of several different proteins—the two main groups of the proteins in gluten are gliadin and glutenin.Gluten proteins are extremely difficult to digest. Undigested gluten proteins trigger the immune system to attack the inner lining of the small intestine, resulting in varying levels of gluten intolerance. Breaking down these proteins can help alleviate the symptoms associated with gluten intolerance and prevent further damage to the body.

Proteases are enzymes that break down proteins, but proteases that can break down prolyl-enriched peptides are required for breaking down the pro- line-rich peptides from gluten. Research shows that the proline-rich peptides from gluten are the main reason for gluten sensitivity.

Glutalytic: How It Breaks Down 

Based on extensive research, the scientists at Deerland Enzymes have developed an advanced enzyme solution for gluten degradation called GlutalyticTM. Since the fastest way to break down gluten is to cleave peptide bonds internally and externally, Glutalytic is uniquely designed to attack peptide bonds, both from the ends and from within. Glutalytic contains both endopeptidases and exopeptidases to create the correct endopeptidase cleavage pattern near the long chain amino acids that need to be hydrolyzed by the exopeptidase, producing rapid Degradation of gluten.

Laboratory tests performed under physiological conditions showed Glutalytic’s ability to break down gluten quickly and efficiently while traveling through the stomach and upper duodenum. Gliadin, the major immune response-eliciting protein fraction in gluten, can be degraded down from gram to milligram quantities by the time it reaches the small intestine.

Tests were also performed to compare Glutalytic with many of the current gluten aids on the market today. Glutalytic showed a superior ability over the current products to break down large unhydrolyzed gluten peptides to aminoacids that can be absorbed and used by the body.

For details on the studies described in this article, or for more information on Glutalytic, contact Deerland Enzymes at (800) 697-8179.

References:

Camilleri M, Colemont LJ, Phillips SF, etc. Human gastric emptying and colonic filling of solids characterized by a new method. Am J Physiol Gastrointest
Liver Physiol. 257:284, 1989.

Proano M, Camilleri M, Phillips SF, etc. Transit of solids through the human colon: regional quantification in the unprepared bowel. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 258:856, 1990.

Ecuadorian Rainforest, LLC

25 Main St., Bldg. 6
Belleville, NJ 07109
Phone: (973) 759-2002
Fax: (973) 759-3002
Website: www.intotherainforest.com

Scientifically Supported Spirulina

Ecuadorian Rainforest, LLC. Understands the mind is like the body: it needs exercise and nutrients in order to stay healthy. One nutrient that has been known to aid brain health is omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, commonly found in algae. “DHA is often overlooked but it has been known to be important in overall brain health,” said Steve Siegel, vice president of Ecuadorian Rainforest. “DHA is an essential nutrient for our mental strength and health. That is why Ecuadorian Rainforest offers algae powders such as Ecuadorian Rainforest Spirulina Powder and Chlorella Powder that are known as the best sources of algal DHA.” 

A deficiency in DHA may lead to health issues for the brain. For example, a DHA deficiency may be a reason why some young children have trouble concentrating. According to a study conducted by researchers at University of Oxford, England, and published by the Public Library of Science last year, providing a DHA supplement to children who struggle to concentrate when reading and are prone to disruptive behavior may help them concentrate and curtail unruly behavior.

The study monitored 362 healthy children aged 7 to 9 years who underperformed at reading and showed signs of ADHD-type behavioral problems. For 16 weeks, one group of children was given 600 mg of algal-based DHA a day while the other group of children was given a placebo. At the end of the study, a sub- group of children, those at or below the 20th percentile, had significant improvements in their reading abilities when compared to those who took the place- bo. Children were also reported showing fewer ADHD-like behavioral problems.1 

Algal DHA carries benefits for older adults who want to strengthen their memorization abilities, too. In a study published by Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, known as the Memory Improvement with Docosahexaenoic Acid Study (MIDAS), 485 people over age 55 who were believed to have age- related cognitive decline were observed over the course of six months. During that time, one group was given 900 mg algal DHA and the other a placebo. Those who took the DHA capsules showed almost double the reduction in errors than their placebo counterparts and showed the memory performance and skills of someone three years younger.2 

“Not only are these algae a great source for DHA, but they also come with other benefits. That’s why Ecuadorian Rainforest believes algal DHA is the best way to get the essential nutrient,” said Siegel. Spirulina contains B complex vitamins, beta-carotene, vitamin E and a whole list of other nutrients. Spirulina may also help reduce the side effects of HIV/AIDS and may have anticancer properties.3 In another study, diabetic rats fed chlorella had lower levels of fasting glucose than diabetic rats without chlorella.4 

Ecuadorian Rainforest takes thorough steps to ensure the quality of its algae products. Its internal quality control program is in place to assure no toxins or any undesirable byproducts contaminate its algae. The company’s facility is tested Or microbial pathogens and heavy metals weekly and its partnerships with science lab- oratories make sure Ecuadorian Rainforest’s testing procedures are rigorously enforced. “We also run our products through botanical identification tests, organoleptic tests and physical analyses—all to make sure the products we provide are the best avail able,” said Siegel.

As these studies have shown, algal DHA is an effective and natural mental booster that carries other great benefits.Ecuadorian Rainforest, LLC. Provides Spirulina Powder and Chlorella Powder and a bevy of other nutritious algae. Take a look at its catalog at www.intotherain- forest.com and choose which one is right for your company’s needs.

References: 

1 Alexandra J. Richardson, Jennifer R. Burton, RichardP. Sewell, Thees F. Spreckelsen, and Paul Montgomery.Docosahexaenoic Acid for Reading, Cognition and Behavior in Children Aged 7–9 Years: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (The DOLAB Study). PLOS One.September 6, 2012.

2 Karin Yurko-Mauro, Deanna McCarthy, Edward B. Nelson, Alan S. Ryan, Andrew Blackwell, Norman Salem Jr., and Mary Stedman. Beneficial effects of docosa- hexaenoic acid on cognition in age-related cognitive decline. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. May 3, 2010.

3 Khan Z., Bhadouria P., and Bisen PS. Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Spirulina. Curr Pharm Biotechnol.October 2005. 6(5):373-9.

4 Hyejin Jeong, Hye Jin Kwon and Mi Kyung Kim.Hypoglycemic effect of Chlorella vulgaris intake in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki and normal Wistar rats. Nutritional Research and Practice. February 13, 2009. 3(1), 23-30.

Gencor

920 E. Orangethorpe Ave., Ste. B
Anaheim, CA 92801
Phone: (714) 870-8723 • Fax: (732) 875-0306
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.gencorpacific.com

Keep the Home Fires Burning: The Sexual Desires of Women

The sexualization of our culture creates many problems for adults and older citizens. There is relentless pressure on women to perform and to be receptive. Levels of sexual difficulties and hyposexual desire disorder (HSDD) have never been higher, with different surveys recording HSDD rates ranging from 13 percent1 and 19 percent2 to 33 percent3, 37 percent4 and 46 percent.5 Unsurprisingly, the highest figures are from samples of post menopausal women, but although pre menopausal women are somewhat less likely to be affected, they find it much more distressing.6,7

Women with HSDD experience multiple and complex negative emotions, including feeling less feminine, low self-esteem and letting their partner down.1,2 Many women with HSDD also feel frustrated, hopeless and bitter, compared with women with normal desire1,2, and there is a high incidence of depression.7 

Sexual dysfunction is common in women receiving antidepressants8, and HSDD is a known potential side effect of all antidepressants including MAOIs, TCAs, SSRIs, SNRIs and newer antidepressants.9

Clearly HSDD can be debilitating, and it is a significant contributory factor to relationship difficulties, separation and divorce.But here, too, causality is complex, as relationship difficulties increase the risk of HSDD6, as do situational factors such as fatigue, anxiety and stress in general.

Overweight, obesity and associated self-image problems have long been linked to HSDD in women, as has type 1 diabetes; but recently NIDDM (noninsulin- dependent diabetes mellitus) has also been identified as a strong predisposing factor10, and PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) makes matters worse.11,12 Poor self-image is an issue here, but altered androgen and LH levels also play a role.13 Higher rates of depression also con- tribute. Women with PCOS have a raised usage of anxiolytics and anti-depressants, and risk of suicide attempts.14 

Given the multi-factorial aetiology of HSDD, there is no single remedy. Cases should be treated specifically, taking endocrine, affective and interpersonal factors into account and addressing them before progressing to treatments Directed toward raising libido.Unfortunately, this is not easy to do, as therapeutic options are very limited.

Herbal remedies are popular but unproven.15 HRT (hormone replacement therapy) can be an effective treatment for HSDD, and is well known to improve sexual function scores. However, the well- known adverse effects of HRT make it an unattractive option for many women.

Libifem, offered by Gencor, is a new and natural therapeutic alternative. It is an extract of fenugreek, a traditional remedy for sexual dysfunction, standardized to furostanol saponins. In previous studies in males, this extract was shown to displace a small fraction of bound testosterone. As roughly 98 percent of testos- terone on the blood is bound and inactive, displacing one percent of this doubles free (active) testosterone levels16 with resulting increases in sexual cognition and activity.17 A new and parallel study in women has shown that the fenosides have an analogous effect in women, raising estradiol levels by 70 percent.18 

The subjects were healthy menstruating women in stable sexual relationships. Sexual functioning as measured by DISF- SR questionnaire significantly increased (p<0.001) after one and two months, with significant increases in the sub-analysis of the five domains: sexual cognition, sexual arousal, sexual experience, orgasm and sexual drive/relationship. Liver function tests, blood chemistry, cholesterol and sex hormone profiles were unaltered.

The authors concluded, “Trigonella foenum-graecum (Libifem) seed extract has a positive effect in enhancing libido in our trial subjects. Positive changes were observed for physiological aspects and psychosocial aspects of libido, accompanied by a reduction in perceived fatigue levels. The product was well-tolerated.” 

Gencor’s Libifem, as well as Testofen, represent a breakthrough to low libido. As they are effective in both females and males, they can be used by either partner in a relationship or by both together.Study participants described the effects as “truly remarkable.”

References:

1 Dennerstein L, Koochaki P, Barton I, Graziottin A. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder in menopausal women: a survey of western European women. J Sex Med. 2006;3(2):212–222.

2 Leiblum S, Koochaki P, Rodenberg C, Barton I, Rosen RC. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder in post- menopausal women: US results from the Women’s International Study of Health and Sexuality (WISHeS).Menopause. 2006;13(1):46–56.

3 Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Sexual Dysfunction in the United States. JAMA. 1999; 281:537–544.

4 Wasti S, Robinson SC, Akhtar Y, Khan S, BadaruddinN. Characteristics of menopause in three socioeconomic urban groups in Karachi, Pakistan. Maturitas.1993;16:61–69.

5 Chiechi LM, Granieri M, Lobascio A, Ferreri R, LoizziP. Sexuality in the climacterium. Clin. Exp. Obstet.Gynecol. 1997;24:158–159.

6 Dennerstein L, Hayes R, Sand M, Lehert P. Attitudes toward and frequency of partner interactions among women reporting decreased sexual desire. J Sex Med.2009;6(6):1668–1673.

7 Rosen RC, Shifren JL, Monz BU, Odom DM, Russo PA, Johannes CB. Correlates of sexually related personal distress in women with low sexual desire. J Sex Med.2009;6(6):1549–60.

8 Grover S, Shah R, Dutt A, Avasthi A. Prevalence and pattern of sexual dysfunction in married females receiving antidepressants: An exploratory study. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2012 Jul-Sep; 3(3): 259–265.

9 Montgomery SA, Baldwin DS, Riley A. Antidepressant medications: A review of the evidence for drug-induced sexual dysfunction. J Affect Disord. 2002;69:119–40.

10 Ziaei-Rad M, Vahdaninia M, Montazeri A. Sexual dysfunctions in patients with diabetes: a study from Iran.Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2010; 8: 50.

11 Raphael FJ, Rodin DA, Peattie A, et al. Ovarian morphology and insulin sensitivity in women with bulim- ia nervosa. Clinical Endocrinology. 1995;43(4):451–455.

12 Kaneshiro B, Kessel B. Obesity and sexuality: is there a connection? Fem Patient. 2009;34:38–40.

13 Trent M, Austin SB, Rich M, Gordon CM.Overweight status of adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: body mass index as mediator of quality of life. Ambulatory Pediatrics. 2005;5(2):107–111.

14 Hedden SL, Davidson S, Smith CB. Cause and effect: the relationship between acne and self-esteem in the adolescent years. Journal for Nurse Practitioners.2008;4(8):595–600.

15 Rowland DL, Tai W. A review of plant-derived and herbal approaches to the treatment of sexual dysfunctions. J Sex Marital Ther. 2003;29(3):185–205.

16 Aswar U, Bodhankar SL, Mohan V, Thakurdesai PA.Effect of furostanol glycosides from Trigonella foenum- graecum on the reproductive system of male albino rats.Phytother Res. 2010 Oct;24(10):1482-8.

17 Steels E, Rao A, Vitetta L. Physiological Aspects of Male Libido Enhanced by Standardized Trigonella foenum-graecum Extract and Mineral Formulation. Phytother Res. 2011 Feb 10. Doi: 10.1002/ptr.336. 18 Steels E, Rao A, Vitetta L. Physiological Aspects of Female Libido Enhanced by Standardized Trigonella foenum-graecum Extract and Mineral Formulation. In press.

Healthco

244 Knollwood Dr.
Bloomingdale IL 60108
Phone: (800) 477-3949 • Fax: (630) 545-9080
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.healthco-intl.com

Stevia FSE: Enzyme-Modified Stevia for a Superior Taste Profile

Over the last several years, stevia (Stevia rebaudiana bertoni) leaf extract has become a popular non-caloric sweetener alternative. Several types of stevia ingredients described as whole leaf powders, as well as standardized single- compound extracts obtained GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status and are now used in food products. The types of food items utilizing stevia range from baked goods and cereals to yogurt and beverages. However, formulating with this popular ingredient often presents a challenge due to the inherent bitterness of steviol glycosides, the class of compounds responsible for the distinctive organoleptic profile of stevia extracts. Stevia FSETM, an innovative enzyme- modified steviol glycosides food ingredient, has been created with this prob- lem in mind.

The advantage of Stevia FSE, also known as Better SteviaTM, is that it significantly reduces lingering bitter aftertaste of conventional steviacontaining food recipes. The process of producing Stevia FSE starts with high-quality whole leaf, subject to the extraction process where the only solvent used is food-grade ethanol. Next, the stevia extract undergoes the step of controlled enzymatic glycosylation. During this phase, steviol glycosides are “extended” to incorporate additional sugar-type molecules.Next, the material containing glycosylated steviol glycosides is filtered and spray dried to produce a fine powder.

The chemical structure of the enzyme-modified steviol glycosides in Stevia FSE has been thoroughly studied. For example, rebaudioside A (RebA) , the primary steviol glycoside found in stevia, contains four glucose units (attached to two different carbon atoms). The research demonstrated that the enzymatic glycosylation treatment augments this compound to have one to three additional glucose units, thus creating monodi- and triglycosyl Reb A found exclusively in Stevia FSETM.1-3 This augmentation is believed to be Responsible for the modification of the organoleptic profile.

Overall sweetness intensity of Stevia FSE relative to sucrose has been evaluated in volunteers using a set of blind- labeled samples. In aqueous solution, 0. 055 g of Stevia FSE was shown to exhibit the same level of sweetness as 6 g of sucrose, which indicates that at the given concentration it is about 100 times sweeter than sucrose.4 Meta- bolism of Stevia FSE has also been studied in detail.5 The research shows that in the body, enzymatically modified steviol glycosides are hydrolyzed to steviol by intestinal microflora through the same mechanism responsible for metabolism of non-enzymatically treated stevia.6 Following hydrolysis, steviol from Stevia FSE can be absorbed and then excreted in urine and bile as a glucuronide, or it is deconjugated and excreted with feces.7 Stevia FSE has an excellent safety profile and is established as GRAS.4 

It has been well recognized that the taste profile of individual steviol glycosides depends on the number of glucose units attached to steviol. For example, Reb A, a tetraglycoside, has been shown to be less bitter than stevioside which contains only three glucose units.5 By utilizing controlled enzymatic process and lengthening the glucose chain of steviol glycosides, the bitter aftertaste in Stevia FSE is reduced even further. It is also worth mentioning that the glu- cose chains in the native steviol glycosides are in the form of ß- glycosides, whereas the controlled enzymatic glycosylation adds a-glycosides to its structure. It has been suggested that the addition of different glucose stereoisomers might have significant impact on the properties of steviol glycosides, including attaining a more favorable over- all taste and reducing the bitter lingering effect often attributed to conventional stevia extracts. From a practical prospective, Stevia FSE makes it easier to create more desirable, more palatable and ultimately more consumer-friendly food recipes.

References:

1 Waszkuc T, Berkman S, Emmel K, Mohammed F. High Performance Liquid Chomatography (HPLC) Characterization of Enzymatic Glycosylation of Stevia rebaudiana: A Comparison of Enzyme Treated and Non-Enzyme Treated Stevia Extracts. Poster presented at 38th Great Lakes Regional ACS Meeting (May 13-16) , Lincolnshire, IL. 2009.

2 Emmel K, Waszkuc T, Kraemer-Berkman S, Szczesniewski A, D’Antonio S. High-Resolution TOF LC/MS Characterization of the Enzymatic Glycosylation of Stevia rebaudiana: A Comparison of Natural and Enzyme-Treated Stevia Extracts. Poster presented at the 57th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics (May 31-June 4), Philadelphia, PA. 2009.

3 Waszkuc T, Berkman S, Emmel K, Jordan S, Mohammed F. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) Characterization of the Enzymatic Glycosylation of Stevia rebaudiana: A Comparison of Enzyme Treated and Non-Enzyme Treated Stevia. Poster presented at the 2009 AOAC Int.Annual Meeting (Sept. 13-16), Philadelphia, PA. 2009 

4 FDA. Agency Response Letter GRAS Notice No.GRN 000337. 2001: www.fda.gov/Food/ FoodIngredientsPackaging/GenerallyRecognizedasSafe GRAS/GRASListings/ucm262289.htm. Accessed Feb 19, 2013.

5 NOW Foods U. GRAS Assessment. Glycosylated Enzyme Treated Stevia. 2009.

6 Koyama E, Kitazawa K, Ohori Y, et al. In vitro metabolism of the glycosidic sweeteners, stevia mix- ture and enzymatically modified stevia in human intestinal microflora. Food Chem Toxicol. Mar 2003;41(3):359-374.

7 Wheeler A, Boileau AC, Winkler PC, et al.Pharmacokinetics of rebaudioside A and stevioside after single oral doses in healthy men. Food Chem Toxicol. Jul 2008;46 Suppl 7:S54-60.

HerbaKraft, Inc.

121 Ethel Rd. W., Unit 6
Piscataway, NJ 08854
Phone: (855) 999-HERB; (732) 463-1000 x16
Fax: (732) 463-3336
Website: www.herbakraft.com

Benefits of Green Coffee Bean in Weight Management

By Vinod Khanijow and Dr. Dipanwita Dutta

In our busy, stressful world, most of us struggle to sustain a healthy lifestyle. One of the major issues we battle daily is weight gain. The few extra pounds create a negative impact on quality of life— hampering mood, motivation, productivity and energy levels. The ready solution to this endemic appears to be dieting, but weight lost in this way is often regained.

Is there any dietary supplement that can act on weight management? The answer is a resounding yes, thanks to green coffee beans.

Coffee, a beverage well known worldwide, contains a complex of chemicals with various health benefits.The presence of chlorogenic acid in green coffee beans has been known for centuries.1 Chlorogenic acid is a biologically active dietary polyphenol best known for 5-caffeoylquinic acid. It is considered to be a miracle agent in weight management. Scientific studies have indicated that coffee may play a preventative role in some degenerative diseases including type II diabetes.2,3 

Johnston et al, 2003, scientifically proved that chlorogenic acid can help lose weight by attenuating the absorption of glucose from the small intestine.4 In a separate study, chlorogenic acid exhibited inhibition of glucose-6- phosphate, an essential enzyme required for production of glucose in the liver.5 In another study with high fat diet induced obese mice, chlorogenic acid from green coffee beans showed a remarkable reduction in adipose tissue triglyceride content indicating weight-management potential of green coffee beans.6 The proposed pathway by which chlorogenicacid demonstrated weight loss is by significant inhibition of fatty acid synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reduc- tase and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl- transferase activities, while increasing fatty acid‚ ß-oxidation activity and peroxisome proliferator-activated recep- tors a-expression in the liver.

In a clinical trial, chlorogenic acid obtained from green coffee bean extract showed reduction in absorption of glucose. The possible mechanism by which chlorogenic acid inhibits the activity of glucose-6-phosphate is by limiting the release of glucose in the general circulation. This results in low fat deposition in the adipose tissues and obsolete fat consumption due to reduced availability of glucose as an energy source.7 

Compounded with the hypotensive effects seen in hypertensive animal models8, green coffee bean has serious implications for the maintenance of some of the most prominent diseases in modern society. This claim is even further supported by its antioxidant capability. HerbaKraft GCBfitTM contains an ORAC value greater than 6,500 µmoleTE/g and a higher concentration of chlorogenic acid. It is clear that green coffee bean has numerous significant effects on the body. HerbaKraft offers excellent quality green coffee bean extract standardized to 50 percent chlorogenic acid and caffeine. Its antioxidant capability and implications in degenerative disease treatments suggest that this material has serious medical applications. There is no doubt that green coffee bean extract is a vastly beneficial material. Its incorporation into Daily supplements and foods would certainly provide an advantage for any person concerned with the health risks of the modern world. Herbakraft GCBfit has undergone a state-of-art detailed analysis by LC-MS-MS based on the mass fragmentation pattern, different retention times, and in-house standards; the major peaks were identified 5CQA; 3CQA; 4CQA, 1,3DiCQA; 3,4DiCQA and 4,5DiCQA.

References: 

1 Trugo, L.C., Macrae, R., (1984a). A study of the effect of roasting on the Chlorogenic Acid composition of coffee using HPLC. Food Chem. 15:219-227.

2 Van Dam, R., Feskens, E., 2002. Coffee consump- tion and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lancet. 360: 1477-1478.

3 Freedholm, B.B., Lindgren, E., 1984. The effect of alkylxanthines and other phospodiesterase inhibitors on adenosine-receptor mediated decrease in lipolysis and cyclic AMP accumulation in rat fat cells. Acta Pharmacol Toxico. 54:64-71.

4 Johnston, K.L., Clifford, M.N., Morgan, L.M.,2003. Coffee acutely modifies gastrointestinal hor- mone secretion and glucose tolerance in humans: glycemic effects of Chlorogenic Acid and caffeine. Am J Clin Nutr. 78:728–33.

5 Shimoda, H., Seki, E., Aitani, M., 2006. Inhibitory effect of green coffee bean extract on fat accumula- tion and body weight gain in mice. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 6:9-18.

6 Cho, A.S., Jeon, S.M., Kim, M.J., Yeo, J., Seo, K.I., Choi, M.S., Lee, M.K., 2010. Chlorogenic Acid exhibits anti-obesity property and improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced-obese mice. Food Chem Toxicol.48(3):937-43.

7 E Thom. 2007. The Effect of Chlorogenic Acid enriched coffee on glucose absorption in healthy vol- unteers and its effect on body mass when used long- term in overweight and obese people. J Int Med Res.6;35:900-908.

8 Suzuki, A., Kagawa, D., Ochiai, R., Tokimitsu, R., Saito I., 2002. Green coffee bean extract and its metabolites have a hypotensive effect in spontaneous- ly hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res. 25:99-107.

InterHealth Nutraceuticals

5451 Industrial Way
Benicia, CA 94510
Phone: (707) 751-2800 • Fax: (707) 751-2801
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.interhealthusa.com

InterHealth UC-II Clinical Study Shows Significant Improvement in Joint Function in Healthy Subjects vs. Placebo

UC-II® was studied in a random- ized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to investigate the effects of UC-II on alleviating joint discomfort in healthy subjects who experienced joint pain upon strenuous exercise but not during rest.1 Neither a diseased population nor disease-centric endpoints were employed in this study. As part of the protocol design, all subjects were evaluated to confirm that they did not meet the American College of Rheumatology criteria for osteoarthritis.Healthy adults comprised of 23 males and 32 females, between ages 30 and65. Joint stress was induced via a standardized stepmill protocol. Subjects who achieved a knee joint discomfort score of at least five on an 11-point Likert scale within 10 minutes of physical activity were included in the study. Subjects took 40 mg of UC-II or a placebo for 120 days. Normal diet and exercise regimens of the subjects were continued during the entire study.

The following endpoints were measured:

• Knee range of motion by goniometry.

• Timed joint discomfort in response to a standardized stepmill protocol.

• On the stepmill—time to onset of discomfort.

• Post stepmill—time to offset of discomfort.

Results for average knee extension:

• UC-II was significantly better than placebo at day 120.

• UC-II showed statistically significant increase at days 90 and 120 compared to baseline.

• No significant change in placebo group.

Results for minimum time to onset of discomfort:

• Significant increase in UC-II group at days 90 and 120 compared to baseline.

• No significant change in the placebo group.

Results for percent change in maxi- mum time to offset of discomfort:

• UC-II group recovered from joint dis- comfort faster at days 60, 90 and 120.

In a population of healthy subjects who only experienced joint discomfort upon physical activity, UC-II improved joint function and resulted in greater knee extension. The healthy subjects in this study represent the perfect population for dietary supplements. This study collaborates 2009 findings published in International Journal of Medical Sciences.2 The research solidifies claims for existing UC-II-containing products and broadens the application of UC-II for joint-health claims in the sports nutrition market.

Sports Nutrition Application 

UC-II significantly improved joint flexibility as assessed by knee extension com- pared to placebo in healthy subjects.Loss of full knee extension can be detrimental to knee function and can interfere with normal daily activities as well as Sport specific activities. Greater knee extension may help with basic movements such as jumping, running and lifting. Additionally, although not significant versus placebo, subjects in the study were able to exercise longer before experiencing joint discomfort. The current research merits the use of UC-II in not only joint-health products, but in sports nutrition products as well.

To learn more about UC-II, e-mail [email protected] or call (800) 783-4636.

* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

References: 

1 Udani JK. UC-II for joint support: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy volunteers. Poster presented at the 10th Anniversary Natural Supplements: An Evidence-Based Update.San Diego, Calif. February 1-2, 2013.

2 Crowley DC, Lau FC, Sharma P, et al. Safety and efficacy of undenatured type II collagen in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a clinical trial. Int J Med Sci. 2009;6:312-321.

Nutratech, Inc.

10 Henderson Dr.
West Caldwell, NJ 07006
Phone: (973) 882-7773
Website: www.nutratechinc.com

New Dosing Guidelines for Advantra Z

Nighly regarded government and scientific organizations and peer- reviewed journals continue to rec- ognize the safety of Advantra Z® and its dominant amine, p-synephrine. In May 2013, Food and Chemistry Toxicology (available online February 2013) will pub- lish “A 60-Day Double-Blind, Placebo- Controlled Safety Study Involving Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) Extract” by Dr. Gilbert R. Kaats. The study found that bitter orange (source: Advantra Z) and its dominant amine p-synephrine “appear to be without adverse effects at a dose of up to 98 mg daily for 60 days based on the parameters measured.” It is the longest research study with the highest dose of bitter orange as a single entity product conducted to date.

These findings expand on those of Health Canada, counterpart to the U.S. FDA, and Intertek Cantox, a respected provider of quality and safety services, both of which have relaxed and rede- fined guidelines for bitter orange/p- synephrine use over the past two years.In addition, comparable findings have been published in International Journal of Medical Sciences (September 2012), Phytotherapy Research (April 2011), American Botanical Council’s HerbalGram (February 2011) and Journal of Functional Foods (November 2010).

2011: Health Canada 

Prior to 2011, most authorities limited daily intake of p-synephrine to 20 and 30 mg. In October 2011, Health Canada was the first government agency to reverse this arbitrary restriction, with a 49-page health risk assessment report, “Guidelines for the Use of Synephrine.” The report stated that up to 50 mg of p- synephrine per day for healthy adults— or 40 mg of p-synephrine in combination with up to 320 mg of caffeine—is not likely to cause any adverse health conse- quences.

The report also reviewed p-synephrine’s chemistry; receptor binding, in vitro, ani- mal and human studies; summaries of Clinical case reports; and Canadian clini- cal case reports. Health Canada concluded that although p-synephrine-containing products have been implicated in adverse event case reports, “causality is not likely due to the p-synephrine content on its own, but rather due to other ingredients.” 

2012/13: Intertek Cantox 

In 2012, Intertek Cantox (formerly Cantox Health Sciences International), an organization known for its cautious and conservative approach to ingredient usage, also reviewed the wealth of sci- entific literature available on Advantra Z/bitter orange. Its report stated, “Although p-synephrine and caffeine have been assumed to produce similar clinical effects, but through different mechanisms, recent data regarding the isoform of synephrine present in C. aurantium [bitter orange] extracts and from receptor binding studies indicates that p-synephrine is unlikely to have significant effects oninotropy, vasoconstriction, or blood pressure.” 

Intertek Cantox’s 2012 report supported p-synephrine dosages up to 60 mg. However, after reexamination of the data in 2013, the organization concluded that single p-synephrine dosages of up to 70 mg—100 mg if taken as divided doses over the course of the day are “not likely to cause adverse effects.”

2013: Food and Chemical Toxicology

While the Health Canada and Intertek Cantox reports were based on reviews of existing scientific literature, the study headed by Dr. Gilbert Kaats and published in Food and Chemical Toxicology assesses the safety of 49 mg bitter orange (source: Advantra Z) given to 75 healthy subjects twice a day (a total of 98 mg) for 60 days in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled protocol.

No significant changes occurred in systolic or diastolic blood pressures, blood chemistries or blood cell counts in control or psynephrine treated groups. No adverse effects were observed with respect to the cardiovascular, hepatic, renal or hemopoietic systems. The researchers concluded that bitter orange and p-synephrine “appear to be without adverse effects at a dose of up to 98 mg daily.” They also noted that the lack of cardiovascular effects agree with previous, shorter-term studies in which bitter orange was administered in combination with caffeine and other ingredients.

Distributed worldwide exclusively by Nutratech, Inc., Advantra Z is the industry’s leading, all-natural thermogenic ingredient for diet, fitness and energy. For more information call (973) 882-7773 or visit www.nutratechinc.com. 

References: 

Review of the Safety Data Available on p-Synephrine, Caffeine, and p Synephrine-Caffeine Containing Combination Products – Lynch, Intertek Cantox, February 2013.

A 60-Day Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Safety Study involving Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Extract Kaats, Food and Chemical Toxicity, May 2013 (pub- lished online February 2013).

Review of the Safety Data Available on p-Synephrine, Caffeine, and p-Synephrine Caffeine Containing Combination Products – Lynch, Intertek Cantox, September 2012.

Synephrine, Octopamine and Caffeine Health Risk Assessment Report, Marles, Health Canada Natural Health Products Directorate, File No. 172091, May 2011.

Additional research on Advantra Z, bitter orange, and p-synephrine can be viewed in its entirety at www.nutratechinc.com/advz/advz.php?p=2.

Nutri Science Innovations, LLC

2450 Reservoir Ave.
Trumbull, CT 06611
Phone: (203) 372-8877 • Fax: (203) 372-9977
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.nutriscienceusa.com

Lutein: Bringing Vision Health Benefits For All Ages Into Focus

Lutein and zeaxanthin are naturally occurring carotenoids that are consumed as part of the human diet; they are found in low naturally occurring levels in foods such as eggs, fruits and vegetables. Research has shown that consumption of lutein and zeaxanthin either as part of the diet or through supplementation offers numerous vision health benefits for all age groups from infants to the elderly. Supplemental sources of lutein and zeaxanthin, such as OptiLut®, are extracted from natural marigold extract (Tagetes erecta) and can be incorporated into a wide variety of delivery systems including soft gels, tablets, functional foods and beverages. Supplemental lutein is available in highly concentrated forms where levels at or above 80 percent lutein esters and up to eight percent trans-zeaxanthin can be obtained through simultaneous extraction.

The majority of studies conducted on lutein and zeaxanthin to date have focused primarily on vision deterioration due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Lutein and zeaxanthin are selectively accumulated in the retina and are particularly dense in the in macula as the macular pigment (MP). The MP serves to prevent light-initiated oxidative damage to the retina.1 The risk of AMD is inversely proportional to the MP density which is directly proportional to the accumulation of carotenoids such as lutein and zeaxanthin in the retina.2 Research supports the ability to increase MP density through increased intake of lutein and zeaxanthin through both dietary modifi- cation and supplementation.1,3 

There has been increasing interest in investigating the potential benefits of lutein and zeaxanthin to help improve visual acuity and reduce visual fatigue in the general adult population. This area of research becomes increasingly more important as the amount of time spent in front of computer, cell phone and television screens increases. Studies have shown lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation to have beneficial effects on visual Functioning during activities where visual fatigue is likely to occur.4,5 

A 2009 study conducted at Peking University in Beijing, China, found improvement in visual contrast sensitivity in healthy subjects receiving a lutein supplement at either 6 mg lutein/d or 12 mg lutein/d for 12 weeks compared to the placebo group. At 12 mg lutein/d there was trend towards increased visual acuity suggesting that a higher intake of lutein may be beneficial to visual performance.4 

In 2009, Kwansei Gakuin University in Hyogo, Japan conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial evaluating the effectiveness of an oral supplement containing lutein, zeaxanthin and blackcurrant extract on participants performing a visual proof reading task. Participants receiving the supplement showed increased eye fixation related brain potential (EFRP) and reduced heart rate in comparison to participants receiving the placebo. Analysis of EFRP and other psycophysiological data suggests supplementation could help to reduce the effects of visual fatigue and or anticipatory stress related to the task.5 

Lutein is commercially available in two forms, esterified lutein (lutein esters) and unesterified lutein (free lutein). Esterified lutein occurs naturally in low levels in eggs, fruits and vegetables. When consumed, esterified lutein is hydrolyzed to free lutein, which is the major form in circulation after digestion. A 2002 study conducted by the Department of Human Nutrition at the University of Illinois evaluated the bioavailability of both forms of lutein. While originally anticipated that the additional steps of ester hydrolysis would be a limiting fac- tor for the absorption of esterified lutein, it was instead observed that dis- solution of the formulation was likely to be the more important factor in bioavail- ability of both free lutein and lutein esters. It was concluded that the esterified lutein formulation was more bioavailable than the free lutein formulation for most of the individuals studied.Sufficient dissolution and fat consumption in the meal prior to supplement consumption appeared to be important factors in maximizing the bioavailability of lutein.2 Soft gels produced from high purity lutein esters 80 percent with an 80 mesh particle size are an ideal delivery system to maximize lutein bioavailability.

NutriScience Innovations, LLC pro- vides research-based, innovative ingredients for the dietary supplement and functional food markets. The company welcomes any questions regarding its OptiLut brand lutein esters and free lutein products containing naturally occurring levels of zeaxanthin. For more information, contact (203) 372-8877 or visit www.nutriscienceusa.com. 

References: 

1 Hammond, B.R., et al. (1997) Dietary Modification of Human Macular Pigment Density. Investig.Ophthamol. Vis. Sci. 38: 1795-1801.

2 Bowen, P.E., et al. (2002) Esterification Does Not Impair Lutein Bioavailability in Humans. J. Nutr. 132: 3668-3673.

3 Bone, R.A., et al. (2000) Lutein and Zeaxanthin in the Eyes, Serum and Diet of Human Subjects. Exp. Eye Rs. 71: 239-245.

4 Ma, L., et al. (2009) A 12-week lutein supplementation improves visual function in Chinese people with long-term computer display light exposure. Br. J. Nutr. 102: 186-190.

5 Yagi, A., et al. (2009) The effect of lutein supple- mentation on visual fatigue: A psychophysiological analysis. App. Ergo. 40: 1047-1054.

OmniActive Health Technologies, Inc.

67 East Park Pl., Ste. 500
Morristown, NJ 07960
Phone: (866) LUTEMAX (588-3629) • Fax: (877) LUTEMAX (588-3629)
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.omniactives.com

The Natural Advantages of Zeaxanthin

Carotenoids are nutrients essential to a healthful diet. They play an important role in protecting the human body and regulating metabolic pathways. A recent review of 96 studies attributes much of the benefits of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables to carotenoids.1-3 In fact, the USDA now recommends five to nine servings of fruits and vegetables daily, yet more than 95 percent of Americans fall short on this health index.4 

Zeaxanthin is a vital carotenoid present in high concentrations in the macula fovea—the focal point of vision—where visual stimuli are directed to the brain. The macula is protected by a pigment layer consisting of zeaxanthin and lutein.These two carotenoids work in synergy to protect the eye from damaging high- energy (UV and blue) light and free radicals. Together they inhibit lipid oxidation, stabilize cell membranes and protect the macula during prolonged exposure to UV light.5 Zeaxanthin and lutein neutralize most free radical species including singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydroxyl and peroxynitrite radicals6-8 and can stimulate antioxidant enzymes.9 However, zeaxanthin’s extra conjugated double bond makes it a more potent antioxidant.8,9 

The density of zeaxanthin and lutein in the macula is inversely associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk.10-13 Accumulation of lipofus cin, a by-product of the breakdown of cellular debris, may contribute to impaired vision as we age and is a major risk factor implicated in macular degeneration.14 Zeaxanthin has been shown to inhibit the accumulation of lipofuscin.43 Supplementation with these carotenoids has been linked not only to eye health protection in the elderly15-18, but in early development of the eye as well.44,45 As a result, zeaxanthin plays a key role throughout the life cycle.

Beyond damage control, zeaxanthin May actually help maintain healthy vision by supporting visual acuity, color discrimination, contrast sensitivity and reducing glare sensitivity.19-24 According to Dr. Jeffery Anshel, president of the Ocular Nutrition Society, 80 percent of learning occurs through the use of our eyes. Healthy vision is also essential for supporting an active lifestyle. How our eyes adjust to certain levels of light and recover from glare make vision a vital part of daily activities. A more recent clinical study in elderly veterans, who supplemented with zeaxanthin for 12 months, showed improved recognition of fine detail, ability to drive at night, improvement of 1.5 lines on the eye chart and disappearance of blind spots.25 

Its selective placement in ocular tissue suggests its importance in supporting and maintaining healthy vision.However, zeaxanthin may also play a role beyond the health of the eye.26-28 Its powerful antioxidant and photo protective properties also help shield our skin from damaging UV rays. The presence of zeaxanthin in the skin has been shown to protect mice and humans against sunburn and to improve skin appearance.29-32 Zeaxanthin supplementation also showed enhanced elasticity, Skin hydration and sunburn protection in controlled clinical trials.33 Zeaxanthin has additionally shown promising benefits for cognitive health. Zeaxanthin and lutein make up 75 percent of all carotenoids found in the brain34 and are concentrated in areas of learning, memory, cognition, vision, hearing and speech.35 Low blood zeaxanthin has been linked to cognitive impairment in the elderly.36 

Because zeaxanthin cannot be produced by the body, this essential nutrient must be supplied through diet or supplementation.While lutein is widely distributed in fruit and vegetables, few foods contain zeaxanthin in significant amounts. One such zeaxanthin-rich vegetable is the paprika red pepper, which has shown the greatest actual amount of total carotenoids transported into intestinal cells.37 Additionally, zeaxanthin from natural sources has been shown to be remarkably safe for long-term consumption at high doses.15,38-41 The safety of zeaxanthin is supported at intakes of up to 12 mg/day for use as a dietary supplement42, while the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0 to 2 mg/kg body weight for zeaxanthin.40 

OmniXanTM is a natural zeaxanthin made from paprika, a natural whole-food GRAS source that has long been a part of the human diet. All-natural OmniXan delivers high quality, safe 3R, 3’R zeaxanthin and is derived from a carefully controlled, vertically integrated source and manufactured in cGMP facilities. OmniXan is offered in a variety of delivery platforms (e.g., vegetarian beadlets, oil suspensions and other unique delivery forms) for use in dietary supplements, functional foods and beverage applications. OmniXan zeaxanthin from paprika provides a natural advantage.

For a full list of references, visit www.niemagazine.com.

P.L. Thomas & Co., Inc.

119 Headquarters Plaza
Morristown, NJ 07960
Phone: (973) 984-0900 • Fax: (973) 984-5666
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.plthomas.com

Bacopa55: Proven for Memory Enhancement

Consumer demand for products that help with cognitive function is on the rise. It is not surprising that the share of shoppers expressing strong concern about their mental ability has increased substantially over the decade—up from 36 percent in 2000 to 53 percent in 2010. Less expected is the growing segment who says they actually choose foods and beverages to improve their mental function, according to data from the HealthFocus® International 2010 U.S. Trend Survey.Furthermore, the interest in mental function is not expressed by older shop- pers alone—more than a quarter of 18- to 29-year-olds are looking for products that help with cognitive ability com- pared with 33 percent of those over age 65.

Bacopa monnieri, also known as Brahmi, is a plant that has been used in traditional Indian medicine (ayurveda) for memory enhancement. Two mixtures of triterpenoid saponins, known as Bacosides A and B, are thought to confer the neuroprotective benefits of Bacopa monnieri.1,2 In light of the correlation of bacoside content to memory enhancement, researchers at the Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in India developed a proprietary standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri comprising an optimum concentration of triterpenoid saponins with a minimum of 55 ± 5 percent of bacosides.So, unlike generic Bacopa monnieri, Bacopa 55TM is a unique, patented ingredient standardized to 55 percent bacosides.

Bacopa55 is clinically proven to enhance cognitive function. Data from three clinical studies with healthy adults demonstrates that Bacopa55 can significantly enhance learning, memory retention and consolidation.In a randomized, double-blind, place- bo-controlled, 12-week study of 46 healthy adults, aged 18 to 60 years there was a statistically significant improvement in speed of visual information processing, learning rate and memory consolidation in subjects consuming 300 mg/day Bacopa55.3 In addition, a statistically significant reduction in the rate of forgetting was observed.An anxiolytic (calming) effect of Bacopa55 was demonstrated in this trial as well.

A second clinical evaluation, also a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled, 12-week trial, demonstrated a significant effect of Bacopa55 on the retention of new information.4 In this group of 76 adults, ages 40 to 65 years, no significant effect on other parameters of memory tested was observed.

Bacopa55 was evaluated in healthy older adults, ages 55 and over, with age-associated memory impairment, but no evidence of dementia or psychi- atric disorder.5 In this randomized, dou- ble-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week study of 40 healthy adults, there were statistically significant increases in mental control, logical memory, digital for- ward and backward and paired associate learning in the group supplemented with 250 mg Bacopa55 per day. And whereas an improvement in total memory scores was noted in the placebo group at weeks eight and 12, statisticalLy significant differences between Bacopa55 treated and placebo groups were identified for percentage improve- ment in total memory scores over the 12-week study (p<0.01). 

These trials document clinical efficacy for Bacopa55 in improving a variety of measures of cognitive function in healthy human adults. Preclinical studies identified the active compounds of the Bacopa monnieri plant and Bacopa55 represents the development of a standardized and proprietary extract shown to provide memory- enhancing benefits in healthy adults.

References: 

1 Singh HK, Dhawan BN: Pre-clinical neuro-psy- chopharmacological investigations on Bacosides: A nootropic memory enhancer. Update Ayurveda-94, Mumbai, Abstract No.T3:3, 1994.

2 Singh HK, Dhawan BN. Improvement of learning and memory by saponins of Bacopa monniera. Canad.J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 1994, 725I: 407.

3 Stough C, Lloyad J, Clarke J, Downey L, Hutchison CW, Rodgers T, Nathan P. The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive func- tion in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology.2001, 1-8.

4 Roodenrys S, Booth D, Bulzomi S, Phipps, A, Micallef C, Smoker J. Chronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memory.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002, 27(2): 279-281.

5 Raghav S, Singh H, Dalal PK, Srivastava JS, Asthana OP. Randomized control trial of standardized Bacopa monniera extract in age-associated memory impairment. Ind. J. Psychiatry. 2006; 48:238-242.

Sabinsa Corporation

20 Lake Dr.
East Windsor, NJ 08520
Phone: (732) 777-1111 • Fax: (732) 777-1443
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.sabinsa.com

Sabinsa’s Digestive Health Ingredients

LactoSpore

The balance of microflora is necessary for healthy function of the colon. In colonic conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease), and bloating and gas, an imbalance of microflora is observed. The way probiotics support gastrointestinal (GI) regularity is by normalizing intestinal flora and enhancing immunity. For example, when ingested, spores of Bacillus coagulans withstand the acidic environment of the stomach and reach the gut where spores then germinate and proliferate within the GI tract within a few hours. After germination, B. coagulans is metabolically active as part of facultative anaerobes in the intestine, producing L (+) lactic acid, as primary product of fermentation. The main mechanism for survival and proliferation of B. coagulans is through “competitive exclusion.” Competitive exclusion is generally applied via competition for limited nutrients. However, the acidic environment created by production of L (+) lactic acid prevents the growth of pathogenic microbes and allows growth of B. coagulans, which ultimately dominate the microflora. B. coagulans is a temporary resident of the GI tract and, following discontinuation of its adminis- tration, it is slowly excreted from body (usually within seven days). LactoSpore® is the tradename for the probiotic B. coagulans, formerly known as Lactobacillus sporogenes. Suggested dose of LactoSpore is 100 to 200 million spores, three times per day.1-7 

Fenumannan

A prebiotic is a selectively fermented ingredient that allows specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microflora that conFers benefits upon host well-being and health. This is true especially if the prebiotic is a good match for the probiotic.Fenumannan® is the matching prebiotic for LactoSpore. Fenumannan is the solu- ble dietary fiber fraction of fenugreek seeds powder. Fenumannan contains 35 to 45 percent galactomannans.8-9

LactoWise 

LactoWise® is a synbiotic mix- ture of approximately 2.5 percent probiotic LactoSpore and approximately 97.5 percent of prebiotic Fenumannan. LactoWise is a stable product with the shelf life of two years at room temperature.

Digezyme 

GI tract organs (e.g., stomach and pan- creas) and colon microflora produce dif- ferent exoenzymes (enzymes produced within the cell and then released outside of the cell) to begin the process of extracellular digestion. This is the healthy way for the GI tract to function.When not enough exoenzymes are produced, healthy function of the GI tract is compromised. This could be associated with conditions such as IBS, bloating and gas. The digestive enzymes, taken as food or dietary supplement, compensate the diminished catalytic action of natural exoenzymes in the body (e.g. in aging population). That is the way such digestive enzymes support digestion. Digestive enzymes include proteases (e.g. pepsin and trypsin), lipases and carbohydrases (e.g., alpha-amylase, lac- tase, and cellulase), and could be derived from plants, animals and, most importantly, from microbes. Some examples of microbially-derived digestive enzymes include neutral protease from Bacillus subtilis, alpha amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and lactase from Aspergillus oryzae. One cautionary point is that the digestive enzymes should not, themselves get digested by pepsin in the stomach or trypsin in the gut. For this purpose, enteric coating can be used. Digezyme® is a blend of several digestive enzymes containing alpha amylase, neutral protease, cellulase, lactase and lipase. It is recommended for indigestion or impaired digestion.The recommended dose is 50 mg per dose, three times daily.

Fabenol 

Fabenol® is an alpha- amylase inhibitor obtained from Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean, kidney bean) that blocks the digestion of dietary starch and thereby potentially improving postprandial carbohydrate tolerance in people with low glucose tolerance.As excess dietary carbohydrate is metabolized to fat, inhibition of carbo- hydrate digestion helps in weight management. Since the alpha-amylase inhibitor binds with the active sites of alpha-amylase and prevents its starch degradation activity, it is also called “Starch Blocker.” Fabenol is offered in two strengths: Standard Fabenol (each gram prevents digestion of 120 g starch) and Fabenol Max (each gram prevents digestion of 300 g starch). The recommended dose for Fabenol is 2.5 to 3.75 g before meals and for Fabenol Max is 1 to 1.5 g before meals.

References: 

1 Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food.Report of a joint FAO/WHO Working Group on Drafting Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food, London Ontario, Canada, April 30 and May 1, 2002.

2 Majeed M. and Prakash L., LactoSpore: The Effective Probiotic, NutriScience Publishers Inc., Piscataway, NJ, 56 pp, 1998.

3 Abstracts of papers on the clinical study of Lacbon (Sporlac) compiled by the Sankyo Co. Ltd. Japan.

4 Chandra, R.K. Effect of Lactobacillus on the inci- dence and severity of acute rotavirus diarrhea in infants. A prospective placebo-controlled double-blind study, Nutrition Research. 22 (2002) 65–69.

5 Mohan, JC, Arora R, and Khalilullah M, Preliminary observations on effect of Lactobacillus sporogenes on serum lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic patients, Indian J Med Res. 1990 Dec; 92:431-432.

6 Dhongade, R.K., Anjaneyulu, R. (1977) Sporlac in Neonatal Diarrhoea, Extract from Maharashtra Medical Journal. Vol. XXIII, No.1, Feb: 473-474 

7 Cui, Y-L, Wan, F-C, Tang D-L and Wu S-H (2004) Efficacy of Bacillus coagulans tablets in the treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea, Int. J. Immunotherapy.Vol. 20 (1) 17-22.

8 Roberfroid MB; Prebiotics: The Concept Revisited.J. Nutr. 2007; Vol. 137: 830S-837S.

9 Gibson GR; and Roberfroid MB, J. Nutr. 1995; 125: 1401-1412.

Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies

13591 Yorba Ave.
Chino, CA 91710
Phone: (909) 613-1660 • Fax: (909) 613-1663
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.specialtyenzymes.com

Peptizyme SP (Serratiopeptidase & Serrapeptase)

Peptizyme SP® is a proteolytic enzyme variously called serrapeptase and serratiopepti dase. It is isolated from the bacteria Serratia marcescens, which originally came from the intestine of silkworms. Today, it is grown in the laboratory. Peptizyme SP is also available as Peptizyme SP EN, an enterically coated version.

Peptizyme SP is classified as a systemic enzyme, that is, one absorbed directly from intestine into the blood stream. Research confirms orally administered serrapeptase is absorbed into circulation in its enzymatically active form.1 A review of research can provide an appreciation for its properties.

Fibrinolytic Activity 

Like other proteases, serrapeptase has anti-inflammatory activity. Other proper- ties include fibrinolytic activity. It is this activity that is of particular interest to clinicians. To understand fibrinolytic activity, one must understand the process of coagulation. In damaged tissue, broken blood vessels release thromboplastin. Platelets then adhere to the broken edges of the vessel and disintegrate, releasing platelet factor 3.Both of these react with calcium ions to form prothrombin activator. Once the prothrombin activator is formed, the process from prothrombin to fibrin and Finally a clot follows.2 

Blood clots (thrombi) form when fibrin accumulates in the circulatory system. Clots block blood flow. If blood flow is blocked, oxygen is cut off. In the heart, this results in myocardial infarction (heart attack). In the brain, it can result in strokes. Deep vein thrombosis can cause pulmonary emboli. Clotting forms an important function in tissue repair, but improper buildup of fibrin is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Diverse Anti-Inflammatory & Pain Research

• Clinical research demonstrates a positive response to serrapeptase in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Researchers determined a conservative, non-surgical approach can be beneficial.3

• A clinical evaluation of serrapeptase was conducted to determine its efficacy in reducing inflammation in patients with breast engorgement. Serrapeptase was noted as effective for pain and swelling. No adverse reactions were reported.4

• A study on serrapeptase in post- operative swelling and pain of the ankle revealed a reduction in swelling by 50 percent on the third post-operative day. The control groups (no treatment and treatment with ice) had no reduction in swelling.5

• A clinical evaluation of NSAIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories) and serrapeptase in men with amicrobial prostato-vesiculitis (APV a non-infectious inflammation of the prostate) demonstrated a reduction in inflammation and swelling of the prostate.6

• Serrapeptase was evaluated in a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-con- trolled study of 193 subjects suffering from acute or chronic ear, nose or throat Disorders. Serrapeptase demon- strates anti-inflammatory and anti- edemic activities acting rapidly on localized inflammation.7

Other Applications Research

Research has demonstrated the mucolytic activity of serrapeptase (reduction is viscosity) in chronic airway disease and chronic sinusitis.Researchers conclude serrapeptase exerts a beneficial effect on mucus clearance by reducing viscosity of sputum.8-10 

The potential application for Peptizyme SP and Peptizyme SP EN are many and varied. Whether the applica- tion is fibrinolytic, anti inflammatory, mucolytic and possibly analgesic, as well as others, Peptizyme SP is the cutting edge in systemic enzyme therapy.

Peptizyme SP and Peptizyme SP EN are registered trademarks of Specialty Enzymes and Biotechnologies.

References: 

1 Moriya N, et al. Intestinal absorption of serrapep- tase in rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 1994 Aug;20 (Pt1) :101-8.

2 Guyton, A. Function of the Human Body. WB Saunders pp. 83-84 

3 Malshe PC. Preliminary trial of serratiopeptidase in patients with carpal tunnel Syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India. 2000, 48(11):1130.

4 Kee WH, et al. The treatment of breast engorge- ment with Serrapeptase (Danzen): a randomised dou- ble-blind controlled trial. Singapore Med J. 1989 Feb;30(1):48-54.

5 Esch PM, et al. Reduction of postoperative swelling. Objective measurement of swelling of the upper ankle joint in treatment with serrapeptase.Fortschr Med. 1989 Feb 10;107(4):67-8, 71-2.

6 Vicari E, et al. Treatment with non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs in patients with amicrobial chronic prostato-vesiculitis: transrectal ultrasound and seminal findings. Minerva Urol Nefrol. 2005, 57(1):53-9.

7 Mazzone A, et al. Evaluation of Serratia peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial versus placebo. J Int Med Res. 1990 Sep-Oct; 18(5):379-88.

8 Nakamura S, et al. Effect of the proteolytic enzyme serrapeptase in patients with chronic airway disease.Respirology. 2003 Sep;8(3):316-20.

9 Majima Y, et al. The effect of an orally administered proteolytic enzyme on the elasticity and viscosity of nasal mucus. Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1988;244(6):355-9.

10 Nakamura, S., et al. Effect of the proteolytic enzyme serrapeptase in patients with chronic airway disease. Respirology. 8(3): 316-20 2003.