Study Suggests Mediterranean Diet Reduces Risk of Dementia
Cognitive Health
Researchers in a new study found that individuals who ate a Mediterranean-like diet had up to 23 percent lower risk for dementia than those who did not. This research is one of the largest studies of its kind as previous studies have typically been limited to small sample sizes and low numbers of dementia cases, according to the study authors.
The team analyzed data from 60,298 individuals from the UK Biobank, a large cohort including individuals from across the U.K., who had completed a dietary assessment.
The authors scored individuals based on how closely their diet matched the key features of a Mediterranean one. The participants were followed for almost a decade, during which time there were 882 cases of dementia.
The authors considered genetic risk for dementia by estimating what is known as their polygenic risk—a measure of all the different genes that are related to the risk of dementia.
Dr. Oliver Shannon led the study with Professor Emma Stevenson and joint senior author Professor David Llewellyn.
The research also involved experts from the universities of Edinburgh, UEA and Exeter and was part of the Medical Research Council-funded NuBrain consortium.
Shannon, the lead researcher and author of the Human Nutrition and Ageing, Newcastle University said, “Dementia impacts the lives of millions of individuals throughout the world, and there are currently limited options for treating this condition. Finding ways to reduce our risk of developing dementia is, therefore, a major priority for researchers and clinicians. Our study suggests that eating a more Mediterranean-like diet could be one strategy to help individuals lower their risk of dementia.”
The authors found there was no significant interaction between the polygenic risk for dementia and the associations between Mediterranean diet adherence. They say this may indicate that even for those with a higher genetic risk, having a better diet could reduce the likelihood of developing the condition.
This finding was not consistent across all the analyses and the authors propose further research is needed to assess the interaction between diet and genetics on dementia risk. John Mathers, professor of Human Nutrition, Newcastle University, commented, “The good news from this study is that, even for those with higher genetic risk, having a better diet reduced the likelihood of developing dementia.
“Although more research is needed in this area, this strengthens the public health message that we can all help to reduce our risk of dementia by eating a more Mediterranean-like diet,” he added.
They conclude that, based on their data, a Mediterranean diet that has a high intake of healthy plant-based foods may be an important intervention to incorporate into future strategies to reduce dementia risk.
“The findings from this large population-based study underscore the long-term brain health benefits of consuming a Mediterranean diet, which is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats,” said Janice Ranson, at the University of Exeter, joint lead author on the paper.
Reference
Shannon, et al. BMC Medicine, 2023; 21 (1).
